🏰 Chapter 10: Provincial Kingdoms

Jaunpur • Kashmir • Bahmani • Malwa

            1. Jaunpur (The Sharqi Dynasty) UP Special
            Foundation: City founded by Firuz Shah Tughluq (in memory of
                    cousin Jauna Khan/MbT).
Independent Kingdom: Founded by Malik Sarwar (Title:
                    "Malik-us-Sharq" - Lord of East) in 1394.
Title: "Shiraz-e-Hind" (Shiraz of India) due to education &
                    culture. Super PYQ


            👑 Key Rulers
            Ibrahim Shah Sharqi: Greatest ruler. Patron of art/literature.
Hussain Shah Sharqi: Last ruler. Great musician (Invented "Khayal"
                    genre, Thumri). Wrote "Man Kautuhal".


            🏛️ Sharqi Architecture (No Minarets!)
            Atala Masjid: Built by Ibrahim Shah (1408). Built on site of Atala Devi temple.
                    PYQ
Lal Darwaza Masjid: Built by Bibi Raji (Queen of Mahmud Shah).
Jama Masjid: By Hussain Shah.
End: Annexed by Bahlul Lodi (1484).

        

2. Kashmir (The Shah Mir Dynasty)

🌟 Zain-ul-Abidin (1420-1470 AD)

Known as "Akbar of Kashmir" (for tolerance) and "Badshah". PYQ

Reforms:
• Abolished Jizya (First in India, before Akbar!).
• Banned cow slaughter.
• Allowed Hindus to return.
Construction: Built "Zaina Lanka" (artificial island in Wular Lake).
Literature: Got Rajatarangini & Mahabharata translated into Persian.

3. Bahmani Kingdom (1347-1527)

Founder: Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu). PYQ
Capital: Gulbarga (Ahsanabad) → Bidar (Muhammadabad).
Rivals: Vijayanagara (for Raichur Doab).

🧠 Mahmud Gawan (Prime Minister)

Persian merchant turned PM (Vakil-us-Sultanat).
Built famous Madrassa at Bidar.
Executed in 1481 (conspiracy). Kingdom declined after him.

🧩 The 5 Deccan Sultanates (Breakup)

Kingdom	Dynasty	Key Fact
Bijapur	Adil Shahi	Gol Gumbaz (Md. Adil Shah). Annexed by Aurangzeb (1686).
Golconda	Qutb Shahi	Charminar (Hyderabad). Kohinoor Diamond. Annexed by Aurangzeb (1687).
Ahmednagar	Nizam Shahi	Malik Ambar (Guerilla warfare pioneer). Annexed by Shah Jahan (1633).
Berar	Imad Shahi	Annexed by Ahmednagar.
Bidar	Barid Shahi	Annexed by Bijapur.

Battle of Talikota (1565): All except Berar united to defeat Vijayanagara.

4. Malwa & Gujarat

🏰 Malwa (Mandu)

Capital: Mandu ("City of Joy").
Architecture:
• Jahaz Mahal (Ship Palace).
• Hindola Mahal (Swing Palace).
• Rani Roopmati Pavilion.

🦁 Gujarat

Ahmed Shah I: Founded Ahmedabad (1411).
Mahmud Begarha: Greatest ruler.
• Famous for huge mustache & appetite!
• Captured Girnar & Champaner.
• Portuguese traveller Barbosa visited.

5. Bengal

Iliyas Shah: Unified Bengal.
Alauddin Hussain Shah: Patron of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. "Akbar of Bengal".
Architecture: Adina Mosque (Pandua) - largest in Bengal.

🎯 PYQ Sniper Shots

Q: Which city is called "Shiraz-e-Hind"?
A: Jaunpur.

Q: Atala Masjid was built by?
A: Ibrahim Shah Sharqi (Jaunpur).

Q: Who is known as "Akbar of Kashmir"?
A: Zain-ul-Abidin.

Q: Founder of Bahmani Kingdom?
A: Hasan Gangu (Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah) - 1347.

Q: Gol Gumbaz is located in?
A: Bijapur (Karnataka). Famous for Whispering Gallery.

Q: Who founded Ahmedabad?
A: Ahmed Shah I.

Q: Jahaz Mahal is located in?
A: Mandu (Malwa/MP).

UPPCS Medieval India