🧂 Chapter 11: Gandhian Era Part 2

Civil Disobedience to Poona Pact (1930-1934)

✊ Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) Super PYQ

📅 Launched: 12 March 1930
Symbol: Salt (Salt Tax was unjust)
Goal: Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence)

🚶 Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)

🌍 Regional Spread:

Region Leader/Activity
NWFP (Peshawar) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi)
• Organization: Khudai Khidmatgar (Red Shirts)
• Garhwali regiment refused to fire on unarmed protesters
Kerala K. Kelappan (Calicut to Payyannur)
Nagaland Rani Gaidinliu (Led tribal revolt, arrested)
Dharasana (Gujarat) Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib, Manilal Gandhi
• Brutal lathi charge by British
Assam Satyagraha at Salty Nokuli Coast

🤝 Round Table Conferences (London)

1️⃣ First RTC (1930-31)

2️⃣ Second RTC (Sept-Dec 1931) PYQ

3️⃣ Third RTC (1932)

📜 Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact) - March 1931 Super PYQ

🤝 Signed between: Mahatma Gandhi & Lord Irwin (Viceroy)
Mediators: Tej Bahadur Sapru & M.R. Jayakar

✅ Agreed Points:

❌ Controversial Points:

🚩 Karachi Session (March 1931) PYQ

🗳️ Communal Award & Poona Pact (1932) Super PYQ

📉 Communal Award (Aug 1932)

🤝 Poona Pact (24 Sept 1932)

📜 Government of India Act, 1935 Super PYQ

Key Features:
  • All-India Federation: Proposed (never materialized as Princely States refused)
  • Provincial Autonomy: Diarchy abolished in provinces, introduced at Centre
  • Bicameral Legislature: Introduced in 6 provinces
  • Separate Electorates: Extended to women, labor
  • New Institutions:
    • Federal Court (1937)
    • Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

🗳️ 1937 Provincial Elections

🎯 PYQ Sniper Shots

Q: Dandi March started on?
A: 12 March 1930
Q: Who is known as Frontier Gandhi?
A: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Q: Who led Salt Satyagraha in Dharasana?
A: Sarojini Naidu
Q: Which RTC did Gandhi attend?
A: Second Round Table Conference (1931)
Q: Gandhi-Irwin Pact date?
A: 5 March 1931
Q: Who drafted Fundamental Rights resolution at Karachi?
A: Jawaharlal Nehru (Session presided by Patel)
Q: Poona Pact was signed between?
A: Gandhi and Ambedkar (1932)
Q: RBI was established under which Act?
A: Government of India Act, 1935
Q: How many provinces did Congress form govt in 1937?
A: 8 Provinces
UPPCS Modern India • From Your Class Notes